CONSTITUTIONAL CORNER
THE RIGHT TO VOTE AND VOTER SUPPRESSION
In the ongoing struggle to secure voting rights, March is an appropriate time to highlight women's fight to secure and claim their franchise. The theme of 2021 Women's History Month, "Refusing to be Silenced" typifies the character of the determined women who fought for the right to vote. The National Woman Suffrage Association, led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton, was organized to push for a constitutional amendment to champion women's right to vote. The nineteenth amendment did not guarantee full voting rights to all women. Discriminatory state voting laws blocked African American and other minority women from voting. Forty-five years later, the passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act declared that all women were free to vote. When a group does not agree with voting results, they need to limit access. Over one hundred bills, promoting a flurry of restrictions designed to restrict access to voting, are now winding through 28 states including Pennsylvania. As a side note, section 2 of Amendment XV and Amendment XlX state that Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
By Barbara Shrump
REPEAT PERFORMANCE
IMPEACHMENT UPDATE
by Barbara Shrump
What do you remember from your high school government classes? Did you discuss impeachment and its ramifications for our country? The year 2021 will be remembered for an event that has occurred only four times now in over two hundred years of our democracy. In this case, an impeachment trial will be held for a president who had been impeached previously. Alexander Hamilton in the Federalist, no. 65 wrote, "impeachment is designed as a method of national inquest into the conduct of public men." Decided by the senate, the result of this serious, but seldom used remedy, will always be a part of our nations' history.
The Electoral Process
by Barbara Shrump
In the late summer of 1787, the Founding Fathers struggled to draft a solution that would satisfy the states of both larger and smaller populations regarding presidential elections. In hopes of satisfying all parties, the electoral college was offered as a solution. This compromise was reached whereby popular vote would determine what state of party electors would need on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December to cast their choice for president. The most common selection method of electors is by state party conventions. In PA though, the presidential nominee for each party nominates and sends their list of electors to the PA Secretary of State. The electors for all states will meet in their state capitols on December 14 to cast their votes for president and vice-president. On January 6, in a joint session of Congress, the electoral votes will be accepted and verified. These details are derived from Article 11 and Amendment X11 of the Constitution.
Supreme Court and Presidential Term
by Barbara Shrump
Since the death of Justice Ginsberg, questions have been posed regarding the Supreme Court size. The Constitution grants Congress the power to determine how many people comprise the Supreme Court. The size changed seven times in the first 80 years of the court's existence from five to ten members. The number of justices was set at nine in 1869 and is currently nine today.
President's Term
The current president has hinted that he might not leave the White House even if the results prove he was not elected president. Amendment XX clarifies that his threat is weak and will not be sustainable. According to the Constitution, the terms of the president and vice-president end at noon on January 20. Occupying the White House does not make someone president. Votes do.
CONSTITUTION/PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
by Barbara Shrump
Recently, false comments have been circulating regarding the 2020 election. Fortunately, our forefathers were wise enough to include specific information in the Constitution that was to be followed for just such a situation. If you check Article 11, you will find information regarding the election of the president and when. Most unlikely, but if Congress would delay the election, the current president's term ends on January 20 no matter what according to amendment XX. The Constitution would need to be amended to do otherwise. The president could declare an emergency, but does not have the authority to move elections. Trying to plan for any occasion and depending on the past experience and knowledge, the framers projected far into the future to guide us through our current upheaval.
THE CONSTITUTION IN ACTION
by Barbara Shrump
Amendment One: Freedom of religion, speech, and the press; rights of assembly and petition Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or the press; or the right to the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
On Saturday, June 6, at the Irwin Amphitheater, the surrounding area was treated to a presentation of our Constitution in action. Recent current issues prompted several Norwin High School students to organize an event to show support for the Black Lives Matter Movement, thus demonstrating one of our rights guaranteed by the Constitution. Even though African-Americans comprise only about one percent of the local population, Lily Janosz, one of the student organizers, stressed, "...It's a human rights issue." Student presenters, clergy, and professionals in related fields revealed their experiences. The 300 person group was predominantly a younger crowd, many were parents with children in strollers.
Even though concerns arose about disruptions, the event proceeded smoothly as a police presence watched from the hillside. Speakers followed one another quickly, while announcements alerted the audience to water. A register-to-vote area was available, and members of the younger crowd took advantage of the opportunity to exercise their right to vote in November.
Rightfully, Irwin officials recognized citizens' rights. Borough manager summarized one of our Constitutional guarantees when she said, "You can't give someone a permit for the right to free speech."
ELECTION AUTHORITY ARTICLE 11
by Barbara Shrump
Beginning in early February and continuing through April, the news has been dominated by the coronavirus pandemic. Rightfully so, the focus has been on health issues. Thus, the primary election season has been altered with postponements. Some states waited to the end to take action (Ohio) while others (Wisconsin) insisted on in-person voting with no absentee ballot extension. States have the authority to change primary election dates, but not the timing of the presidential election.
November third has been designated as the federal presidential date. According to the Article 11 of the Constitution, Congress holds the power to designate time and place for holding elections. Article 11 of the Constitution clearly states this congressional power with the added point that the date is the same throughout the United States. No president could revise this constitutional rule unless Congress approved, which is unlikely.
So even though citizens are greatly affected by the current medical issue, attention will need to be focused on the November election as we move through this medical emergency. Will mail-in voting become more widespread? Are there groups working in the background who hope to seize this national emergency to promote their agenda? Will this time of uncertainty be converted into an agenda that will further disenfranchise voters?
The right to vote is a most critical right in our democracy. The November third election is growing everyday as one of great consequence. When people vote, they represent America's ideals and promise.